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Caesar cipher

Caesar cipher, is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques. The transformation can be represented by aligning two alphabets, the cipher alphabet is the plain alphabet rotated left or right by some number of positions.

When encrypting, a person looks up each letter of the message in the 'plain' line and writes down the corresponding letter in the 'cipher' line. Deciphering is done in reverse.
The encryption can also be represented using modular arithmetic by first transforming the letters into numbers, according to the scheme, A = 0, B = 1,..., Z = 25. Encryption of a letter x by a shift n can be described mathematically as

Plaintext: beedle
cipher variations:
cffemf dggfng ehhgoh fiihpi gjjiqj
hkkjrk illksl jmmltm knnmun loonvo
mppowp nqqpxq orrqyr pssrzs qttsat
ruutbu svvucv twwvdw uxxwex vyyxfy
wzzygz xaazha ybbaib zccbjc addckd

Decryption is performed similarly,

(There are different definitions for the modulo operation. In the above, the result is in the range 0...25. I.e., if x+n or x-n are not in the range 0...25, we have to subtract or add 26.)
Read more ...
Atbash Cipher

Atbash is an ancient encryption system created in the Middle East. It was originally used in the Hebrew language.
The Atbash cipher is a simple substitution cipher that relies on transposing all the letters in the alphabet such that the resulting alphabet is backwards.
The first letter is replaced with the last letter, the second with the second-last, and so on.
An example plaintext to ciphertext using Atbash:
Plain: beedle
Cipher: yvvwov

Read more ...

 

Baconian Cipher

To encode a message, each letter of the plaintext is replaced by a group of five of the letters 'A' or 'B'. This replacement is done according to the alphabet of the Baconian cipher, shown below.
a   AAAAA   g    AABBA     m    ABABB   s    BAAAB     y    BABBA
b   AAAAB   h    AABBB     n    ABBAA   t    BAABA     z    BABBB
c   AAABA   i    ABAAA     o    ABBAB   u    BAABB 
d   AAABB   j    BBBAA     p    ABBBA   v    BBBAB
e   AABAA   k    ABAAB     q    ABBBB   w    BABAA
f   AABAB   l    ABABA     r    BAAAA   x    BABAB

Plain: beedle
Cipher: AAAAB AABAA AABAA AAABB ABABA AABAA

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Affine Cipher
In the affine cipher the letters of an alphabet of size m are first mapped to the integers in the range 0..m - 1. It then uses modular arithmetic to transform the integer that each plaintext letter corresponds to into another integer that correspond to a ciphertext letter. The encryption function for a single letter is

where modulus m is the size of the alphabet and a and b are the key of the cipher. The value a must be chosen such that a and m are coprime.
Considering the specific case of encrypting messages in English (i.e. m = 26), there are a total of 286 non-trivial affine ciphers, not counting the 26 trivial Caesar ciphers. This number comes from the fact there are 12 numbers that are coprime with 26 that are less than 26 (these are the possible values of a). Each value of a can have 26 different addition shifts (the b value) ; therefore, there are 12*26 or 312 possible keys.
Plaintext: beedle
cipher variations:
cffemfennkingvvqeviddwadkllcwlmttistqjjukjsrragr
uzzgczwhhmyhyppsupaxxyqxdggfngfooljohwwrfwjeexbe
lmmdxmnuujturkkvlktssbhsvaahdaxiinzizqqtvqbyyzry
ehhgohgppmkpixxsgxkffycfmnneynovvkuvsllwmluttcit
wbbiebyjjoajarruwrczzaszfiihpihqqnlqjyythylggzdg
noofzopwwlvwtmmxnmvuudjuxccjfczkkpbkbssvxsdaabta
gjjiqjirromrkzzuizmhhaehoppgapqxxmwxunnyonwvvekv
yddkgdallqclcttwytebbcubhkkjrkjsspnslaavjaniibfi
pqqhbqryynxyvoozpoxwwflwzeelhebmmrdmduuxzufccdvc
illkslkttqotmbbwkbojjcgjqrricrszzoyzwppaqpyxxgmx
affmifcnnsenevvyavgddewdjmmltmluurpunccxlcpkkdhk
rssjdstaapzaxqqbrqzyyhnybggnjgdootfofwwzbwheefxe
knnmunmvvsqvoddymdqlleilsttketubbqabyrrcsrazzioz
chhokheppugpgxxacxiffgyfloonvonwwtrwpeeznermmfjm
tuulfuvccrbczssdtsbaajpadiiplifqqvhqhyybdyjgghzg
mppowpoxxusxqffaofsnngknuvvmgvwddscdatteutcbbkqb
ejjqmjgrrwirizzcezkhhiahnqqpxqpyyvtyrggbpgtoohlo
vwwnhwxeetdebuufvudcclrcfkkrnkhssxjsjaadfaliijbi
orrqyrqzzwuzshhcqhuppimpwxxoixyffuefcvvgwveddmsd
gllsolittyktkbbegbmjjkcjpssrzsraaxvatiidrivqqjnq
xyypjyzggvfgdwwhxwfeentehmmtpmjuuzlulccfhcnkkldk
qttsatsbbywbujjesjwrrkoryzzqkzahhwghexxiyxgffouf
innuqnkvvamvmddgidollmelruutbutcczxcvkkftkxsslps
zaarlabiixhifyyjzyhggpvgjoovrolwwbnwneehjepmmnfm
svvucvuddaydwllgulyttmqtabbsmbcjjyijgzzkazihhqwh
kppwspmxxcoxoffikfqnnogntwwvdwveebzexmmhvmzuunru
bcctncdkkzjkhaalbajiirxilqqxtqnyydpypggjlgroopho
uxxwexwffcafynniwnavvosvcdduodellaklibbmcbkjjsyj
mrryurozzeqzqhhkmhsppqipvyyxfyxggdbgzoojxobwwptw
deevpefmmblmjccndclkktzknsszvspaafrariilnitqqrjq
wzzygzyhhechappkypcxxquxeffwqfgnncmnkddoedmllual
ottawtqbbgsbsjjmojurrskrxaazhaziifdibqqlzqdyyrvy
fggxrghoodnoleepfenmmvbmpuubxurcchtctkknpkvsstls
ybbaibajjgejcrrmarezzswzghhyshippeopmffqgfonnwcn
qvvcyvsddiudulloqlwttumtzccbjcbkkhfkdssnbsfaatxa
hiiztijqqfpqnggrhgpooxdorwwdzwteejvevmmprmxuuvnu
addckdclliglettoctgbbuybijjaujkrrgqrohhsihqppyep
sxxeaxuffkwfwnnqsnyvvwovbeedledmmjhmfuupduhccvzc
jkkbvklsshrspiitjirqqzfqtyyfbyvgglxgxoortozwwxpw

The decryption function is

where a - 1 is the modular multiplicative inverse of a modulo m. I.e., it satisfies the equation

The multiplicative inverse of a only exists if a and m are coprime. Hence without the restriction on a decryption might not be possible. It can be shown as follows that decryption function is the inverse of the encryption function,

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ROT13 Cipher
Applying ROT13 to a piece of text merely requires examining its alphabetic characters and replacing each one by the letter 13 places further along in the alphabet, wrapping back to the beginning if necessary. A becomes N, B becomes O, and so on up to M, which becomes Z, then the sequence continues at the beginning of the alphabet: N becomes A, O becomes B, and so on to Z, which becomes M. Only those letters which occur in the English alphabet are affected; numbers, symbols, whitespace, and all other characters are left unchanged. Because there are 26 letters in the English alphabet and 26 = 2 * 13, the ROT13 function is its own inverse:

ROT13(ROT13(x)) = x for any basic Latin-alphabet text x


An example plaintext to ciphertext using ROT13:

Plain: beedle
Cipher: orrqyr

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Polybius Square

A Polybius Square is a table that allows someone to translate letters into numbers. To give a small level of encryption, this table can be randomized and shared with the recipient. In order to fit the 26 letters of the alphabet into the 25 spots created by the table, the letters i and j are usually combined.
1 2 3 4 5
1 A B C D E
2 F G H I/J K
3 L M N O P
4 Q R S T U
5 V W X Y Z

Basic Form:
Plain: beedle
Cipher: 215151411351

Extended Methods:
Method #1

Plaintext: beedle
method variations:
gkkiqkmppovpruutauwzzyfz

Method #2
Bifid cipher
The message is converted to its coordinates in the usual manner, but they are written vertically beneath: 
b e e d l e 
2 5 5 4 1 5 
1 1 1 1 3 1
They are then read out in rows:
255415111131
Then divided up into pairs again, and the pairs turned back into letters using the square:
Plain: beedle
Cipher: wuvaac

Read more ...
Method #3

Plaintext: beedle
method variations:
vvqaxf vqaxfv qaxfvv
axfvvq xfvvqa fvvqax

Read more ...[RUS] , [EN]

 

Permutation Cipher
In classical cryptography, a permutation cipher is a transposition cipher in which the key is a permutation. To apply a cipher, a random permutation of size E is generated (the larger the value of E the more secure the cipher). The plaintext is then broken into segments of size E and the letters within that segment are permuted according to this key.
In theory, any transposition cipher can be viewed as a permutation cipher where E is equal to the length of the plaintext; this is too cumbersome a generalisation to use in actual practice, however.
The idea behind a permutation cipher is to keep the plaintext characters unchanged, butalter their positions by rearrangement using a permutation
This cipher is defined as:
Let m be a positive integer, and K consist of all permutations of {1,...,m}
For a key (permutation) , define:
The encryption function
The decryption function
A small example, assuming m = 6, and the key is the permutation :

The first row is the value of i, and the second row is the corresponding value of (i)
The inverse permutation, is constructed by interchanging the two rows, andrearranging the columns so that the first row is in increasing order, Therefore, is:

Total variation formula:

e = 2,718281828 , n - plaintext length

Plaintext: beedle

all 720 cipher variations:
beedle beedel beelde beeled beeeld beeedl bedele bedeel bedlee bedlee bedele
bedeel beldee beldee belede beleed beleed belede beedle beedel beelde beeled
beeeld beeedl beedle beedel beelde beeled beeeld beeedl bedele bedeel bedlee
bedlee bedele bedeel beldee beldee belede beleed beleed belede beedle beedel
beelde beeled beeeld beeedl bdeele bdeeel bdelee bdelee bdeele bdeeel bdeele
bdeeel bdelee bdelee bdeele bdeeel bdleee bdleee bdleee bdleee bdleee bdleee
bdeele bdeeel bdelee bdelee bdeele bdeeel bledee bledee bleede bleeed bleeed
bleede bldeee bldeee bldeee bldeee bldeee bldeee bledee bledee bleede bleeed
bleeed bleede bledee bledee bleede bleeed bleeed bleede beedle beedel beelde
beeled beeeld beeedl bedele bedeel bedlee bedlee bedele bedeel beldee beldee
belede beleed beleed belede beedle beedel beelde beeled beeeld beeedl ebedle
ebedel ebelde ebeled ebeeld ebeedl ebdele ebdeel ebdlee ebdlee ebdele ebdeel
ebldee ebldee eblede ebleed ebleed eblede ebedle ebedel ebelde ebeled ebeeld
ebeedl eebdle eebdel eeblde eebled eebeld eebedl eedble eedbel eedlbe eedleb
eedelb eedebl eeldbe eeldeb eelbde eelbed eelebd eeledb eeedlb eeedbl eeeldb
eeelbd eeebld eeebdl edeble edebel edelbe edeleb edeelb edeebl edbele edbeel
edblee edblee edbele edbeel edlbee edlbee edlebe edleeb edleeb edlebe edeble
edebel edelbe edeleb edeelb edeebl eledbe eledeb elebde elebed eleebd eleedb
eldebe eldeeb eldbee eldbee eldebe eldeeb elbdee elbdee elbede elbeed elbeed
elbede eledbe eledeb elebde elebed eleebd eleedb eeedlb eeedbl eeeldb eeelbd
eeebld eeebdl eedelb eedebl eedleb eedlbe eedble eedbel eeldeb eeldbe eeledb
eelebd eelbed eelbde eebdle eebdel eeblde eebled eebeld eebedl eebdle eebdel
eeblde eebled eebeld eebedl eedble eedbel eedlbe eedleb eedelb eedebl eeldbe
eeldeb eelbde eelbed eelebd eeledb eeedlb eeedbl eeeldb eeelbd eeebld eeebdl
ebedle ebedel ebelde ebeled ebeeld ebeedl ebdele ebdeel ebdlee ebdlee ebdele
ebdeel ebldee ebldee eblede ebleed ebleed eblede ebedle ebedel ebelde ebeled
ebeeld ebeedl edbele edbeel edblee edblee edbele edbeel edeble edebel edelbe
edeleb edeelb edeebl edlebe edleeb edlbee edlbee edlebe edleeb edeelb edeebl
edeleb edelbe edeble edebel elbdee elbdee elbede elbeed elbeed elbede eldbee
eldbee eldebe eldeeb eldeeb eldebe eledbe eledeb elebde elebed eleebd eleedb
eledeb eledbe eleedb eleebd elebed elebde eebdle eebdel eeblde eebled eebeld
eebedl eedble eedbel eedlbe eedleb eedelb eedebl eeldbe eeldeb eelbde eelbed
eelebd eeledb eeedlb eeedbl eeeldb eeelbd eeebld eeebdl deeble deebel deelbe
deeleb deeelb deeebl debele debeel deblee deblee debele debeel delbee delbee
delebe deleeb deleeb delebe deeble deebel deelbe deeleb deeelb deeebl deeble
deebel deelbe deeleb deeelb deeebl debele debeel deblee deblee debele debeel
delbee delbee delebe deleeb deleeb delebe deeble deebel deelbe deeleb deeelb
deeebl dbeele dbeeel dbelee dbelee dbeele dbeeel dbeele dbeeel dbelee dbelee
dbeele dbeeel dbleee dbleee dbleee dbleee dbleee dbleee dbeele dbeeel dbelee
dbelee dbeele dbeeel dlebee dlebee dleebe dleeeb dleeeb dleebe dlbeee dlbeee
dlbeee dlbeee dlbeee dlbeee dlebee dlebee dleebe dleeeb dleeeb dleebe dlebee
dlebee dleebe dleeeb dleeeb dleebe deeble deebel deelbe deeleb deeelb deeebl
debele debeel deblee deblee debele debeel delbee delbee delebe deleeb deleeb
delebe deeble deebel deelbe deeleb deeelb deeebl leedbe leedeb leebde leebed
leeebd leeedb ledebe ledeeb ledbee ledbee ledebe ledeeb lebdee lebdee lebede
lebeed lebeed lebede leedbe leedeb leebde leebed leeebd leeedb leedbe leedeb
leebde leebed leeebd leeedb ledebe ledeeb ledbee ledbee ledebe ledeeb lebdee
lebdee lebede lebeed lebeed lebede leedbe leedeb leebde leebed leeebd leeedb
ldeebe ldeeeb ldebee ldebee ldeebe ldeeeb ldeebe ldeeeb ldebee ldebee ldeebe
ldeeeb ldbeee ldbeee ldbeee ldbeee ldbeee ldbeee ldeebe ldeeeb ldebee ldebee
ldeebe ldeeeb lbedee lbedee lbeede lbeeed lbeeed lbeede lbdeee lbdeee lbdeee
lbdeee lbdeee lbdeee lbedee lbedee lbeede lbeeed lbeeed lbeede lbedee lbedee
lbeede lbeeed lbeeed lbeede leedbe leedeb leebde leebed leeebd leeedb ledebe
ledeeb ledbee ledbee ledebe ledeeb lebdee lebdee lebede lebeed lebeed lebede
leedbe leedeb leebde leebed leeebd leeedb eeedlb eeedbl eeeldb eeelbd eeebld
eeebdl eedelb eedebl eedleb eedlbe eedble eedbel eeldeb eeldbe eeledb eelebd
eelbed eelbde eebdle eebdel eeblde eebled eebeld eebedl eeedlb eeedbl eeeldb
eeelbd eeebld eeebdl eedelb eedebl eedleb eedlbe eedble eedbel eeldeb eeldbe
eeledb eelebd eelbed eelbde eebdle eebdel eeblde eebled eebeld eebedl edeelb
edeebl edeleb edelbe edeble edebel edeelb edeebl edeleb edelbe edeble edebel
edleeb edlebe edleeb edlebe edlbee edlbee edbele edbeel edblee edblee edbele
edbeel eledeb eledbe eleedb eleebd elebed elebde eldeeb eldebe eldeeb eldebe
eldbee eldbee eledeb eledbe eleedb eleebd elebed elebde elbdee elbdee elbede
elbeed elbeed elbede ebedle ebedel ebelde ebeled ebeeld ebeedl ebdele ebdeel
ebdlee ebdlee ebdele ebdeel ebldee ebldee eblede ebleed ebleed eblede ebedle
ebedel ebelde ebeled ebeeld ebeedl

Read more ...[1] , [2] , [3]

History of cryptography
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